The Flights Of Fancy And The Freedom Of Speech Essay

In the hypothetical â€Å"Flights of Fancy and the Freedom of Speech,† Jeremy is a 16-year-old video game addict who is suspended after posting some fanfiction on facebook which involves characters from his favorite video game, Space Traveler XVIII, plotting to kill one of the characters, Waroomba. The characters are unable to kill Waroombra, however, because he has a copy of the United States Constitution. After the attempted murder, Waroombra grabs an assault rifle and says that he will bring it everywhere with him including the beach, gym, and school. The next day, another student reported the post to the principle, Principle Underwood, and Jeremy is suspended. After being suspended, Jeremy and his family are upset claiming that the school suspension violated Jeremy’s first amendment privileges. The question for this hypothetical is: â€Å"Did Principal Underwood violate Jeremy’s first amendment rights when she suspended him from school for his Facebook posting which, among other things, included a character’s reference to bringing an assault rifle to school? â€Å" In the past, the Rule of Law for the First Amendment was that American citizens had the right not to speak (West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943)), right for students to wear black armbands to school to protest a war (Tinker v. Des Moines, 393 U.S. 503 (1969)), the right to use certain offensive words and phrases to convey political messages (Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15 (1971)), the rightShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing Johann Wolfgang Von Goethes Faust985 Words   |  4 Pagessoul to Mephistopheles, his is underserving of forgiveness. 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Kay Jamison describes two features centralRead MoreIntroduction : How ve He Do That?10829 Words   |  44 Pagesand censors many things to the general public such as literature and the media. If you ask me this is truly a scary picture Bradbury illustrates to the reader of our end. Bradbury in his novel also speaks out for tolerance of literatur e and freedom of speech. He focuses so much on this aspect because he’s an author himself and knows that not everything that someone writes fits to everyone’s perspective and they are allowed to disagree. However one thing is disagreeing and expressing your opinionRead MoreImportant Symbols and Themes of The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams7390 Words   |  30 Pagesof the only ways he can get the slightest sense of freedom is by going to the movies, which he later expresses his discontent for (Book Summary - The Glass Menagerie). 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Buffy the Vampire Slayer as Horror Genre Essay - 831 Words

Buffy the Vampire Slayer as Horror Genre The horror genre has very set conventions and rules and horror films have stuck to these but in Buffy the vampire slayer a new set of rules are written. Joss Whedon has given the audience another dimension to horror by subverting the genre, in doing this the effectiveness of the program is increased. In the first episode Buffy arrives in Sunnydale, straight away she is under the male gaze but unconventionally the boy gets hurt looking at Buffy. This continues through out the program with the roles reversed; now the heroine is the hero. This is the bases†¦show more content†¦By having a group dynamic this subverts the genre again, as normally it is a lone hero that fights evil. In many cases it is not just Buffy that fights the vampires but the group work together to plan and workout the historical facts on many of the characters that they are up against. In season 2 Buffy and Angel are going out with each other although Buffy is aware he is a vampires. This relationship shows that the difference between good and evil is very close with many of the evil characters having human characteristics. The relationship between Buffy and Angel complicates the genre, as Buffy is as strong as Angel so there is no patriarchy in the relationship. The use of dreams in Buffy the vampire slayer to show Buffys conscious fears are very powerful as it puts a question in the audiences mind that maybe her dreams will come true. The dreams that Buffy has are that Drusilla has killed Angel, these dont come true but to Buffy they seem very real as she saw what could happen. The vampires in Buffy the vampire slayer would conventionally choose the popular kids or people who have had sex to kill but the genre is subverted because they choose the social outcasts and virgins. 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A Study About Netherlands Architecture Essay Free Essays

string(51) " the division of labour is done by accomplishment\." The civilization of Americans comes from a conglobation of many different civilizations that were either here or emigrated from other states. I have a big part of my lineage from Dutch heritage shacking the Netherlands. In researching how the Dutch people are I have found that a big part of the values that I have been taught are really Dutch ideals. We will write a custom essay sample on A Study About Netherlands Architecture Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now These are values like humbleness, friendliness ( Although they are reserved publicly doing them sometimes seem unfriendly to foreigners. ) and understating being showy with wealth. They have a really high value on difficult being a difficult worker, and independent. Of the values that Dutch people are taught that have non been a focal point during my upbringing are honesty, and modestness. I was taught that it was acceptable to air your wealth and that it is sometimes necessary to be dishonest to acquire what you want. Dutch value promptness, privateness, and instruction which are all marks of a higher value of self-denial they posses. They sometimes come off as pushy because they have strong sentiments and will voice them. They will publically debate things they value as unfairnesss if they believe that the topic is of import plenty. I ‘m non certain why my Dutch ascendants left The Netherlands but research suggests that the ground most Dutch people left their place was because of the chances that were available in the United States. Often people left other states due to some kind of battle with the authorities or poorness, but the Dutch had a relatively good place in The Netherlands to some of the other states in Europe. Still? Most Dutch came to America merely because they calculated that the hereafter promised more prosperity for them and their kids in America than in Holland. The Dutch were of all time â€Å" household, religion, and farming † advocators. And the Dutch? as opposed to the Puritans? enjoyed the mercenary and animal amenitiess in life that their hard-earned money bought. I believe that if my ascendants left the Netherland due to some hardship, so my household would hold been able to state me about it. When thought of landmarks of the Netherlands the windmills the state is so celebrated for ever come to mind, but there are other landmarks excessively. Koninklijk Paleis ( Royal Palace ) another popular landmark was originally created to be used as a town hall in the mid seventeenth century. Koninklijk Paleis is now largely used as a tourer attractive force. European manners are popular in the Netherlands, and in maintaining with the high value of organisation the Dutch have normally wear neatly kept, fashionable vesture. The traditional wooden places are about ne’er worn any longer by anybody except husbandmans. Farmers wear them because they protect the wearer? s pess from wet and soil better than leather places do. Some of the more iconic features of the Netherlands geographics semen from the fact that? a big part of the land has been reclaimed from the sea. The Netherlands has a largely level geographics, and 27 per centum of it is below sea degree. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //geography.about.com/od/specificplacesofinterest/a/dykes.htm ) Of celebrated people from the Netherlands Vincent new wave Gogh is one of the most recognizable. Van Gogh is known internationally as a major subscriber to modern art. The Dutch pattern Agriculture in a figure of ways. Major Agricultural harvests include murphies, wheat, and maize. Potatos are grown in about all of the countries that have sufficient farmable land, and the husbandmans that grow murphies as a harvest usage big machines to make their agriculture. These machines include big tractors for ploughing the lands, monolithic reapers for when their harvests have grown and Shakerss to free the soil off the murphy harvests. Other engineering used to farm murphies includes the irrigation systems that H2O the harvests and manure spreaders to fertilise the land. The division of labour that is used on murphy farms is based on accomplishment. The proprietors of the farm, people who set up irrigation systems and big equipment operators are all skilled workers. The people who are unskilled do minor labour undertakings around the farm such as screening out quality murphies from bad 1s, and the people who clean the murphies. Industrialism exists in The Netherlands in the signifier of auto, vesture, chemical and electrical machinery makers. The engineering used in auto fabrication includes mills where they build them, which have automatons, forklifts, and computing machines that all combine in the procedure of fabricating a auto. The division of labour in auto mills is done by accomplishment. The skilled employees of the auto mills are the Directors that are in authorization, forklift mechanics, robotic plans, sellers, advertizers and computing machine information analysts. The skilled workers have experience in the field based on figure of old ages, and or the sum of instruction they have received. Unskilled workers in a auto mill include line operators, janitorial workers, and forklift operators. Some degree of gardening is practiced in the Netherlands. They are known for their flowers but they besides use gardening to reap grapes, apples and cherries. Flowers are the Netherlands most celebrated usage of gardening. The Netherlands really hosts the largest flower market in the universe in Aalsmeer. In 1995, Dutch agriculturists produced over 8 billion blooms and the flower auctions jointly traded more than 5.4 billion guldens ( about $ 3.2 billion ) in cut flowers and potted workss, lending over 4 billion guldens yearly to the Dutch balance of trade. When flower plantsmans in the Netherlands works their flowers they use shovels to works the seeds. It takes a few yearss work to acquire some of the largest flower gardens planted. When the flowers have bloomed they use manus held cutters to cut the roots of the flower the arrange them into pots and assorted cosmetic corsages. They besides have simple pails filled with H2O to H2O the flowers. In the flower gardens the division of labour is done by accomplishment. You read "A Study About Netherlands Architecture Essay" in category "Essay examples" It is normally the proprietor of the flower store who does the combine of the different flowers into corsages. The proprietor is the most skilled worker in the garden. The unskilled workers in the garden would be the people who works the seeds with their shovels and trowels. The same people who works the seeds are normally the same 1s who gather the flowers once they bloom, and do so utilizing manus powered cutters so conveying them to the individual who is responsible for seting them into corsages. The Netherlands is known for their usage of sheep in their vesture, but other animate beings are raised excessively. The elevation of cattles, hogs, and caprine animals are other illustrations of pastoralism. The people of the Netherlands usage merchandises from animate beings in their vesture and for nutrient. They besides use the animate beings themselves as a nutrient beginning such as the usage of butchered cattles and hogs for their meat. The method of raising animate beings in the Netherlands is done utilizing pastoralism. When a sheep pastoralist is turning sheep they use fencings to maintain the sheep from running off, they besides make common usage of barns to protect the sheep from conditions when they are non on the grazing land. To hydrate the sheep they use troughs filled with H2O, and the sheep provender themselves with grass from the grazing land. The chief usage of sheep in the Netherlands is for their pelt. The pelt on a sheep is cut off by husbandmans by garnering a sheep with sufficient pelt growing so the pelt is cut of utilizing razors and scissors, cleaned with coppices that have metal pins that stretch the wool, so whirl into narration utilizing big machines. The division of labour on the wool farms is done by accomplishment. The individual who owns the farm is the highest skilled individual on the farm and is normally the most experient. The proprietor is the 1 who supervises the other workers on the farm as they tend to the more simple undertakings designated for less skilled persons. The less skilled workers on the farms do undertakings such as make fulling the H2O troughs and garnering sheep to hold their fur cut. As in many other countries of the universe the people of the Netherlands usage Electronic Information Technology as a major subsistence scheme. Electronic Information Technology is used extensively in the Netherlands to maintain path of information such as banking, in libraries, instruction records, and touristry. Banking makes a heavy usage of Electronic Information Technology. The Bankss in the Netherlands usage computing machines hardware, package, hard currency registries, debit cards, money counters, and the cyberspace. The Banking is done with electronic and physical mediums where people desiring to pass money and hard currency cheques can travel to a bank Teller who so counts the money utilizing their custodies or a money counter, inputs the sum of hard currency withdrawn or deposited into a computing machine which has package that keeps path of history balances. The computing machine is connected to the cyberspace which enables other Bankss in to maintain path of the individuals account. When the individual has the money deposited they can pass the money in their history at shops and their money will be withdrawn accurately from their checking history. The division of labour at Bankss in the Netherlands is done by accomplishment. The most skilled people in a bank are the Managers. These people have accountant grades and old ages of experience in the banking field. The unskilled workers of the Bankss are the bank Tellers who normally have a grade in accounting but lack the experience of the more skilled directors. Other unskilled workers include security guards that protect hard currency when it is being transported, or janitors that clean the bank. Unskilled bank workers normally have a limited instruction merely a few old ages experience. Every field I have discussed combines a few or all of the subsistence schemes I have discussed. An illustration of this is the murphy husbandmans who use agribusiness as their chief subsistence scheme, but they combine other 1s to a lesser grade. For case the murphy husbandmans will utilize Electronic Information Technology to maintain path of the sum of murphies that they grow for different seasons, so compare the different growings to seek and better their harvests for the following season. The Netherlands employs a Centralized political system because they yield their sovereignty to a centralised monarchy every bit good as a democracy. The monarchy of the Netherlands is given power by birth but is non a major force of power in the Netherlands, and is largely for ceremonial intents. The monarchy has a minimum sum of power over the legislator. The monarchy usually merely subject measures to the legislator. The holders of the power in the Netherlands are the household of the monarchy which is merely legitimized through faith. The democracy of the Netherlands is legitimized by elections which are done locally utilizing Electronic Information Technology. The people who are allowed to vote are all citizens of the Netherlands above the age of 18. The constabulary force of the Netherlands is divided into divisions that are run by a Head Commissioner who manages the forces. There are many Head Commissioners throughout the Netherlands that all run a individual territory. The territories are divided into parts. The sum of single constabulary forces in the country is comparative to the sum of offense and population in the country. There are about 55,000 constabularies employees functioning in the Netherlands. There is besides a royal constabulary force in the Netherlands known as the Royal Marechaussee. The Marechaussee force was created by King William the 1st to protect and administrate the will and people of the sovereign, but they are now used as boundary line constabulary, military constabulary and for guard responsibilities. The biggest type of reciprocality used in the Netherlands is negative reciprocality. This is done with a pecuniary system. The currency used in the Netherlands is the Euro, so money gained in the Netherlands is functional all over Europe. The Netherlands employs market exchange based on supply and demand, so when something is in demand the monetary value of it goes up. Fresh grapes in the off season are more expensive than they are in crop season because they are less available and harder to obtain. The Netherlands uses value added exchange in the economic sciences. An illustration of the usage of value added exchange is when a individual goes to the shop to purchase an apple the shop charges more for the apple than they do paid for it themselves. The shop is doing usage of negative reciprocality to derive a net income. There are some facets of socialism in the Netherlands. Thingss such as health care and route revenue enhancements are illustrations of socialistic patterns. The healt h care in the Netherlands is really high quality but most people buy their ain health care insurance, but there is subsidised health care for people who are considered low income. If you are traveling to make concern in the Netherlands it is of import for you to be on clip. The Dutch are organized so they feel that even being a few proceedingss tardily is highly unprofessional. The Dutch value their relationships over clip and anticipate honestness in people? s concern patterns. When person in the Netherlands does concern with you they are usually seeking to acquire trueness and repetition concern. Christian religion is the largest faith followed in the Netherlands, so most of citizens are monotheistic and believe in the individual God that Christianity does. The largest faith is Roman Catholicism, whose disciples make up to 31 per centum of the population. The Dutch pattern Christian holidays such as Christmas and Easter with traditions of the vacations dwelling of spiritual rites. The honestness and humbleness that Catholicism encourages is evident in the cordial reception that the Dutch exhibit in a private environment in their places, every bit good as their concern patterns. Monogamy is the matrimony pattern that is supported in the Netherlands, this is a consequence of the Roman Catholic faith that is the largest faith in the Netherlands. When people get married in the Netherlands they choose their spouses by dating for usually old ages at a clip. They usually marry in their economic category, and ethnicity because they have a difficult clip meeting and relating to people from other categories or ethnicities. When people get married they do so because they are in love with each other and one time they marry they live in nonlocal homes. They still maintain contact with their drawn-out households but live with their atomic households. Normally the visit or are visited by their drawn-out households during vacations and particular occasions. Decent is traced through patrialiange because when people get married they get the name of the male line. Peoples refer to their family by gender where siblings are Brothers being male and Sisters being female. Parents are? Mother? which is female and? Father? which male. Peopless siblings kids are called Nieces for females and Nephews for males. In the Netherlands there are upper, in-between and lower category people who are divided by the size of their fiscal income. The largest category is the centers category which makes up more than half of the population of the Netherlands. The unemployment rate in the Netherlands is 4.2 per centum. I interviewed my brother who had spent a summer in Europe and visited Amsterdam for a weekend trip, and found that the most interesting thing to me that he talked about was the nutrient. He talked about how they cooked truly delightful home-style nutrients and that every eating house he visited tasted like he had a repast that was made merely for him. He said that the old edifice even houses added a batch of character to the architecture that you don t usually see in the United States. My brother was really able to see the Heineken Brewery in Amsterdam although he was non able to acquire a circuit. He said that the night life was really pretty urban which came as a surprise to me because I was anticipating to hold a more conservative attitude. My brother suspected that it was because of the metropolis and people he was remaining with that he had this experience. He besides noted that people ride their motorcycles far more frequently in Amsterdam than do here in the United States, whi ch he said was because they don? Ts have to worry so much about parking. He said that there were eating houses that you could order Pot in, and that it was acceptable and legal to smoke it. I found it interesting that a civilization that frequently characterizes itself with honestness and humbleness had such broad positions on drugs. Bibliography â€Å" Amsterdam Information Video Tour. † YouTube.com. 26 Dec. 2006. Web. 4 Apr. 2010. A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/ A ; gt ; . â€Å" Amsterdamn Landmarks and Amsterdam Mounuments. † World Guides.com. Web. 6 Apr. 2010. A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.world-guides.com/ A ; gt ; . â€Å" Economy of the Netherlands. † Wikipedia.com. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page A ; gt ; . â€Å" Floral Industry. † Wikipedia.com. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page A ; gt ; . â€Å" Geography of the Netherlands. † Wikipedia.com. Web. 1 Apr. 2010. A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page A ; gt ; . Gormley, Myra Vanderpool. â€Å" The Duch Touch Upon America. † Genealogymagazine.com. Web. 1 Apr. 2010. A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.genealogymagazine.com/index.html A ; gt ; . â€Å" Royal Marechaussee. † Wikipedia.com. Web. 3 Apr. 2010. A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page A ; gt ; . â€Å" Vote in National Elections – the Netherlands. † AngloInfo. 8 Apr. 2010. Web. 5 Apr. 2010. A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //hollandsouth.angloinfo.com/ A ; gt ; . How to cite A Study About Netherlands Architecture Essay, Essay examples

Linguistic Perspectives and Existential Anxiety in Arun Kolatkar’s Poems free essay sample

His poetry represents the quintessence of modernism and left profound influence modern Marathi poets. Despite his inspiring and profound creativity it is ironical that his greatness has not been adequately acknowledged or recognized even after 7 years of his death. I would like to begin by quoting from one of Kolatkar’s Marathi poems. main bhAbhiiko bola kya bhAisAbke dyuTipe main a jAu? bhaRak gayi SAli rahmAn bolA goli chalAungA mai bolA ek raNDike wAste? chalao goli.. He translated the poem into English himself as â€Å"Three cups of Tea† allow me beautiful I said to my sister in law to step in my brothers booties you had it coming said rehman gun in his hand shoot me punk kill your brother i said for a bloody cunt (Three cups of Tea) Although a major influence on Marathi poetry, he is primarily known for his first book of English poetry, Jejuri (1976), a sequence of 31 poems about a visit to the temple of Khandoba at Jejuri, a small town in western Maharashtra. A visual artist and designer by profession Kolatkar went on to win the Commonwealth Writers’ Prize in 1977, while his Marathi verse collection Bhijki Vahi won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 2004-2005. He claimed that he was inspired by the Beat generation poetry as well as by Eliot, Pound, Dylan Thomas and Baudelaire. His early Marathi poems are radical, dark and humorous and they are far more audacious and takes greater liberties with language unlike his later works where his poetic language becomes more accessible and less radical compared to his earlier works. His later works Chirimiri, Bhijki Vahi and Droan are less introverted and less nightmarish. They show a greater social awareness and his satire becomes more direct. Kolatkar’s poetry baffles us, his language shocks us. He deliberately adopts a tone of violence and aggression to shock and shake his readers out of their complacence. His early poetry shows his love for parody, postures and experimentations with language. Aridity and ugliness decay and neglect, perversion and fossilization are all that he sees everywhere. His language also reflects this picture of decadence. His poems include imageries like ‘lime stone loins’, ‘cactus fangs’ for he shared a fascination for the ugly and the grotesque. A bilingual poet who wrote profusely in both Marathi and English; Kolatkars techniques, like many British poets, brings out a blending of casual and terse elements with grim and serious tone: ‘I killed my mother/ for her skin. I must say/ it didnt take much/ to make this pouch/ I keep turmeric in. ’ In Marathi, his oeuvre is shaped by a combination of epic, devotional, and weird science fiction and passionate impulses. In English, Kolatkars impetus and ambition are somewhat different: it is to create a vernacular with which to express, with a febrile amusement, a sort of urbane w onder at the unfinished, the provisional, the random, the shabby, the not-always-respectable but arresting ruptures in our moments of recreation, work, and, as in Jejuri, even pilgrimage. The tone deepens, and darkens, in Kolatkars later poetry. His later works Sarpa Satra and Kala Ghoda make one feel as if Jejuri, was only a first step— though a firm and confident one — towards the questioning. With Kala Ghoda Poems, Indian poetry in English seems to have grown up. The remarkable maturity of poetic vision embodied in the Kala Ghoda Poems makes it something of a milestone in Indian poetry in English. Kolatkar, engaged himself with the unnoticeable, the marginal and the banal in his poems. He loved to depict the old beggar woman, the scruffy bitch with her puppies, the dirty station dog for he felt sympathy for their marginal and outcast forms. In Jejuri such figures make their archetypal presence felt on the reader’s sensibility, there is no dearth of the unremarkable, thwarted and humble dramatis personae, both in animate and inanimate forms, like the battered old fisher woman, the hash seller, the rat poison man, the goon lover, the one-eyed baby, the bicycle tyre, the crow, the pi-dog and the rubbish. Kolatkar’s treatment of these deformed creatures, recluse figures or the left-outs in their impoverished and beleaguered world is wry, colloquial, unsentimental and of course full of compassion that borders on empathy rather than sympathy. For instance in a poem entitled â€Å"Breakfast at Kala Ghoda† the poet identifies with the frail old fisherwoman about to start a quick breakfast. He confesses how he could almost â€Å"taste her saliva in my mouth. † According to Amit Chaudhuri who introduced Kolatkars famous sequence of poems, Jejuri mainly comprises of a series of short lyric utterances and observations through which a narrative unfolds — about a man, clearly not religious, but clearly, despite himself, interested in his surroundings, who arrives on a bus at the eponymous pilgrimage-town in Maharashtra where the deity Khandoba is worshipped. He wanders about its ruined temples, strolls among priests and touts, and then leaves on a train. In some ways, the sequence resembles Philip Larkins Church Going; except that, where Larkins distant, sceptical, bicycle-clipped visitor assumes a serious pose in spite of his doubts one he is inside the church, Kolatkars peripatetic narrator maintains an uneasy, neutral, wry stance, throughout the poem. There are moments of doubts and anguish, and his poems offer an insight into his complex mind. In one of his poem he goes on to ask What is god And what is stone The dividing line If it exists Is very thin. Divided into 36 sections, the poem Jejuri begins with the tone of a casual traveller, and in the course of the poem the poet wades through internal conflicts and dilemmas to come to the realization of a new selfhood and identity. Much like T. S. Eliot Kolatkar’s poems too bring out a conflict between conscious mind and its alter ego. There are lines like ‘Take my shirt off/and go in there to do pooja/ No thanks. /Not me/ But you go right ahead/ if that’s what you want to do’ which almost resemble Prufock’s conflict between his perception and the repressed voice of his alter ego in Eliot’s famous poem, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. † The poet conjures up images of stagnation and lifelessness. Prabhakar Acharya in his review of Jejuri claimed that it was an unusual book, ‘witty, playful, humane, unpretentious, a collection of lyrics that could be read as if it were a single long poem. ’ He felt that Kolatkar’s poem would introduce a new dimension in the genre of Indian English Poetry. The 31 poems are interlinked and one can say that they almost abide by a sequential order, in fact there are times when one feels as if one poem leads on to the other. The Hills, for example, is an imagistic poem, depicting the hills of Jejuri as if they were uncanny demons, with ‘sand blasted shoulders/ bladed with shale’ and ‘cactus fang/ in sky meat’. In the next poem The Priests Son, the young boy who comes as a guide tells the tourists that the hills they see ‘are the five demons/ that Khandoba killed’. When the boy is questioned if he really believes in the legend he ‘looks uncomfortable/shrugs and looks away and points out to a butterfly moving on the ‘scanty patch of scruffy dry grass,’ nearby. The next poem to follow is a lyric â€Å"The Butterfly† which goes on to describe a butterfly moving in the grass as ‘just a pinch of yellow’ which ‘opens before it closes’ and then suddenly vanishes at the blink of the eye. Kolatkar’s poems are replete with symbolic overtones. There are times when he is a simple objective observer, at other times he becomes a fragmented consciousness who despite being integral to the experience which he describes, somehow remains isolated. Although Kolatkar was never known as a social commentator, yet his narrative poems tend to offer a whimsical tilted commentary on social concerns. While Jejuri is about the agonized relationship of a modern sensitive individual with the indigenous culture, the Kala Ghoda poems are about the dark underside of Mumbai’s underbelly. It is not only his poetry even his prose works too are marked with dry and sarcastic sense of humor which shocks and shakes us. In an unpublished autobiographical essay written in 1987, he wrote about how he lived in a house â€Å"with nine rooms arranged like a house of cards†, but went on to remark that the â€Å"place wasn’t quite as cheerful as playing cards. The rooms had mud floors which had to be plastered with cowdung every week. He recounted about how he had found a source of hidden treasure in one of these rooms. It was in his father’s study and the treasure consisted of a series of picture postcards showing marvels and monuments of Renaissance art. He was spellbound by their magnificence, but at the same time observed that â€Å"The European girls disappointedâ⠂¬  him. â€Å"They have beautiful faces, great figures and they showed it all. But there was nothing to see. Before ending the paper I would like to quote from one more poem of Kolatkar to highlight how he easily his language shifted from the serious to the banal. Knotting the cord, the midwife said It’s a boy, it’s a boy, it’s a boy Piercing an earlobe, the goldsmith said, Two bucks, just two bucks Syringe in hand the nurse said, It’s not gonna hurt, not a bit. Measuring my dick, Baban said, Mine’s bigger, bigger than yours, Punching my back, Baban said My dad can lick your dad. Kicking my shin, Baban said, Sissy, a sissy, what a sissy you are. Linguistics involves the scientific study of human language which can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context. Kolatkar’s use of shocking images offers a glimpse of the decadence and fragmentation of the world which he sought to depict in his poetry. Through the form, structure, meaning of his language he brings out this sense of dilapidation in his verses. It is as if he wishes to say that there cannot be any refined or well defined language structure in this world which has suffered a complete breakdown of communication. I would like to conclude the paper with few lines from one of his Jejuri poems â€Å"God is the word/and I know it backwards/I know it as fangs,/inside my flanks/. But I also know it/ as a lamb/between my teeth,/as a taste of blood upon my tongue. Dr. Anindita Chatterjee Assistant Professor in English Sanskrit College, Kolkata Dr. Anindita Chatterjee works as Assistant Professor in English in Sanskrit College, Kolkata. She has done her Phd on â€Å"Poetry of Madness† from Jadavpur University. Her publications include ‘John Clares poetry of Asylum Years’, ‘History as Fiction or Fiction as History? A History Fiction Interface in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner’, ‘A Study of the Feminine Identity in the Poetry of Toru Dutt’, ‘Of Displaced Identities and the Assertion of Selfhood: A Comparative Analysis of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and Manik Bandopadhyay’s Padma Nadir Majhi (Boatmen of the River Padma)’, A Book Review of Rohan Gunaratnas Inside AL-Qaeda, The Global Network of Terror. Her forthcoming publications include ‘Arun Kolatkar’s â€Å"An Old Woman†: A Study in Angst’, ‘A Study of Victorian Mental Asylums’ and a book on Indo-English Poetry entitled Ethics and Identity in  Contemporary  Indo-English Poetry. She is currently working on a UGC Project on Popular Indian Fiction. Besides critical works several of her poems and short stories have also been published. She has participated and presented papers in several national and international seminars in India and abroad. She is actively involved with the Centre of Studies in Romantic Literature and had been a co-editor the Newsletter of the Centre as well. She makes regular contributions to leading English Dailies. Her areas of interest include Classical British Literature of Romantic and Victorian Period, Indian Writing in English, Films and Indian Popular Culture.

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The Development Of Mass Tourism Mallorca Tourism Essay Balearic Islands with total area of 5,014 km consist of four islands which are 2 by Formentera, 11 by Eivissa, 14 by Menorca and 73 by Mallorca (Bull 1997, 140). Mallorca is the largest island of the Balearic archipelago with 555km of the total coast length of the island (Garcia and Servera 2003, 288) which covered for nearly three quarters of the land with approximately 3640 km ² in Balearic Island. The climate of Mallorca is typically Mediterranean with moderate average temperatures. During the summer, the dry and warm season takes place. The average annual rainfalls are 625 mm, with average temperature 16 °C and 17 °C except in the high mountain (Guijarro 1986). With its favorable climate, extensive coastline and beautiful beaches it have lured visitors coming over for many centuries. In 1950s the development of tourism increasingly creates an opportunity to the local in generating additional jobs and income. On the other side it has resulted in a large flux of immigrants from Iberian Peninsula to Mallorca. At the same time when the tourism industry developed, the local economy became dependent on this source of revenue. Consequently, in 1955 there is 30 of the population was working for the sector however in 1996 it was almost 76 (Garcia and Servera 2003, 288). The development of Mass Tourism (Mallorca) Definition of Mass tourism Burkart and Medlik (1974, 42) states Mass tourism is essentially a quantitative notion, based on the proportion of the population participating in tourism or on the volume of tourist activity. However, in the context of Bramwell (2004) relate it to tourism industrys large-scale replication of standardized holiday packages combining accommodation and transport to cater large numbers of people from diverse social groups. Basically both definitions have pointed out the key element of mass tourism that is all about large volume and large scale of replication production with local participation involvement to cater vast numbers of visitors. Since 1950s tourism in Mallorca has closely aligned with a standard mass holiday package aimed at a very price-sensitive of European tourist (Aguilo et al. 2005, 221). Having such characteristic of the climate, sun and beach is perfectly match with the mass tourist who in search of hot weather and suntan within the framework of a rigidly packaged holiday. Butlers life cycle of Mallorca Exploration involvement stage-1930s The butlers lifecycle model (1980), describes a tourist destination from the exploration to development up to stagnation and decline phases can be best apply in the destination of Mallorca from the growth stage to post-stagnation stage. In the period of exploration and involvement stages tourism takes place in Mallorca act merely as an instrument for stimulating cultural and intellectual activity (Bull 1997, 141). Early development stage 1955s When it comes to 1955 Mallorca Island is in development stage where mass tourism started to grow during that period. There was a re-establishment of the tourist board that have significantly change the tourism on the island whereby the tourism become more very much linked with the development of package holidays and mass tourism from the growing markets in western and northern Europe (Pearce 1991 and Williams 1997). However in 1959, Spanish government took the initiate to simplify the procedure of visiting the country in order to modernize the economy by gaining overseas revenue through (Stabilisation Act of 1959). The numbers of visitors started to growth constantly in early 1960s, majority of the visitors were dominated from UK and Germany in large volumes concentrated especially during summer season (Clark 1988) (Figure 1). Consolidation stage-1980s-1990s Between 1960s-1980s the consequences from the boom of international tourism to Mallorca, it led to an increasing resort development along the coastline. Most of the island began from the rapid growth of inexpensive package holidays in the 1960s. However in the late of 1970s, many buildings, resorts and apartments were built in order to cater large numbers of visitors and growing number of the populations. Majority of these early resorts were portrayed by standard apartment building architecture, short of appropriate infrastructure and lack of planning, which lead to the consolidation stages. Buswell (1996, 321) described the growth of tourist resolution on Mallorca as unplanned and piecemeal, even chaotic. Later, stricter planning laws was set up in 1980s and 1990s against the problem that arisen. Subsequently Mallorca managed to maintain its good reputation with tourists, particularly from UK and Germany moreover constantly attracts about 10 m visitors per year (Buswell 1996 and Gov ernment Balear 2003) Stagnation and Decline stage-1990s-2000s In late 1990s, environmental pressures begin to emerge in Mallorca regarding to the issue such as water shortages, climate change, overcrowding, and over commercialization as well as anti-social behavior by its visitors. This eventually causes an overall of decline in number of visitors arrive to its destination. In provisions of destination life cycle dynamics, the tourism product of Mallorca was beginning to stagnate and decline and required management planning and policy intervention to bring about its rejuvenation (Butler, 1980). Development of Mass tourism in Calvia, Mallorca Calvià ¡ is a municipality of Mallorca which is also one of the largest tourism receiving areas. It accounted about one third of the total flow of tourists to Balearic Islands. It covers 145 km ² and has a coastal strip of 56 Km of beaches and cliffs which caused it absolutely suitable destination for mass tourism. It offers accommodation for 120,000 bedspaces and with approximately up to 1.6 million visitors a year (Aguilo, Algere and Sard, 2005). Furthermore, with its location in tiny distance from the airport of Palma creates an easily accessible to the visitors. The population of the resident increased from 3000 in habitants during 1960 up to 30,000 in the late nineties (Dodds 2007). Since 19th century, tourism began to be as main economic activity of its island (Ministerio de Economia y Hacienda, 2005). Tourism development in Calvià ¡ boomed in the 1960s and has been based on short-term economic gain. As Aguilo et al. (2005) states, it was one of the first municipalities to experience negative effects of mass tourism. Lack of planning regulations resulted in urban sprawl and lack of environmental regard, similar to many Mediterranean resorts. The model of tourism development in Mallorca has been based on short-term interest, unlimited building out of tune with local conditions, and an unsustainable exploitation of exceptional natural resources. Tourist development took place in 1960s to 1980s and was hasty and unplanned. Economy In economic point of view, tourism is important as it create job opportunities, infrastructure development as well as foreign exchange. The unemployment rate is much lower than national average (Ministerio de Trabajo 2005) as there are about 31,793 people employed in restaurant-bars, 2057 involved in transportation rental, 483 in supermarkets, 398 people employed in souvenir shops and with 1,684 works in other tourist facilities. Meanwhile 1,402 involved in beach business and 18,003 are involved in providing tourist activities. In Calvià ¡ it was estimated about 61749 vacancies in terms of providing tourist activities (Molz 2004). It has 30 higher income per capital of national and 5 higher of E.U. levels (Ministerio de Economia y Hacienda 2005). Looking at these figures it becomes absolutely obvious 85 of Balearic Islands GNP is from tourist industry, and tourism is the main source of income for the city of Calvià ¡ whereby economy is completely reliant upon it. From the statistics numbers given, it can be conclude that there is high number of labour force joining the labour market, the tourist monoculture especially during the peak seasonal pattern, labour with a low salary system, and pressure of work during high season (Local Agenda 21 2001). Socio culture impact While tourism provides certain economic benefits to a region in any case in the short term, however it does causes annoyance to the local way of life. To the locals the concerns may derive due to the unfulfilled promises, disruption of a traditional way of life, insufficiency of employment opportunities or frustration with the economic changes which came with mass tourism development. Before tourism takes place, Calvià ¡ was fundamentally a poor and rural area with little outside contact and general history of emigration with its own language and culture of Catalan roots (Ruzza 2004). However tourism has wholly altered these features; a vast number of immigration from the Spanish peninsula arrived to fulfill the demand for labour created by the growth of mass tourism, particularly in the building industry and the hotel business. Consequent to that the temporary immigrant population, has gradually turn into resident, eventually this causes the loss of cultural identity, conflict over language issues, and lack of social integration within local and immigrant population and tiny participation in local social life. Although Calvià ¡ is Spains richest municipality and one of the richest in Europe, it has the lowest level of education in Spain which itself the lowest in Europe (Ayuntament de Calvià ¡ 1995). Besides, most of employments given for waiters and house cleaner which did not trained by a professional skilled. Consequences of too many visitors Reason tourist choose Calvià ¡ as holiday destination The persistence of the sun and sand model (2005, 222), describes that the reason induces tourists to choose the particular sun and sand destination include the climate of 76.2, the beaches (51.2), the price (36.4), and the quality of the hotels (22.2). Among all, climate is the fundamental reason followed by the beaches which induces tourists for choosing such destination. As a result Calvià ¡ received a growing number of visitors who travel to a mass tourism holiday destination attracted by the climate, sun and beaches. Calvià ¡ were seen as a model based on value, in terms of price competition it has lure many visitors especially from UK and German with it standardization of the holiday experience (CIITIB, 2002). Social impact For the local point of view, visitors seem to utilize the physical environment from the local however the profit that generated from the visitors are not share with the local community. Thus it creates undesirable impacts on livelihoods without sharing benefits with the local people who bear the cost of both human and natural environment. Eventually conflicts arise among local populations with vast number of visitors as they need to compete for limited use of resources such as water, sanitation, energy and land uses. In point of tourist view it is frequently recapitulate with the statements with this used to be a paradise but now it is ruined because of overcrowding, over commercialization or overdevelopment. The mass tourism tackiness and the variety of problems experienced in Calvià ¡ have too often formed blemish alongside beautiful natural scenery; crowded with vast numbers of tourists as if they were many cattle; ruined traditional cultures and occupational patterns by creating a insidious tourism industry portrayed as low paying jobs service and manipulative values; without concerning the needs of local citizens and the community values that were inconsistent with pragmatic economic requirements of the tourism industry. Environmental impact The risen numbers of visitors and residents have immense environmental pressure in Calvià ¡. As mentioned in butlers life cycle, Mallorca was in the period of stagnation in 1990s may lay on the line by rising of environmental pressure mainly due to water shortages and climatic change. Inadequate water supply The issue of inadequate water supply especially during peak period and summer season, water supplies is aggravated by visitors flows for use in hotels, swimming pools and golf course. According to the statistic documented in 1995, the water consumption by visitors amounted of 160 liters per day whereby resident is only 130 liters. High demand in energy consumption The annual consumption of primary energy in Calvià ¡ amount to 72,000 TEP per year of which only 2 is renewable. However, the consumption per day was 6.47 kwh and visitors stay one night in hotel the consumption amounted to 2.14 kwh (Dodds 2007). Pollution by Transports Of 1,400,000 tones emission of carbon dioxide, 58 is due to transporting tourist in and out of Mallorca. In Calvià ¡ 1995 statistic, visitors are the major causes of traffic congestion where of 70 million journeys 50 million were from visitors. Urban waste In 1995 Calvià ¡ produced 41000 tons of urban waste with roughly 1.25 kg per day by the resident however 1kg per visitors a day. Moreover there is a limited option for disposal. The production of wastewater and solid waste in visitor areas often surpass the carrying capacity of local infrastructure due the high seasonal demand. Deterioration of the Land use Building development in Calvià ¡ has been excessive with mass occupation of sandy beaches and important enclaves along the rocky coastline (Pappas 2007). With over 60 of Calvià ¡ region was caused by soil erosion. However land area was reducing drastically because of urbanization. Furthermore, as a result of urbanization, quarries and waste dumps were increasing. Forest fires also sparked further destruction of the land. According to an accounting of the distribution of the entire area of Calvià ¡ made by Schmitt (Molz 2004) in 1991 the build-up-area has quadrupled in the years from 1968 to 1991 (+311.6). However 57 of archaeological heritage were at high risk of deterioration. Overcrowded beach Almost 80 of the analyzed cases show overcrowding despite an urban beach or natural beach. There is a strong seasonal concentration of visitors between June and September because of the demand for sun and beaches. Subsequently this led to overcrowded beach with less than 6 m ² of beach surface per person with increasing anthropogenic pressure over the coastal zone (Garcia and Jaume 2003, 287). Solution Calvià ¡ is an example of a mass tourism destination which, from a result of tourism pressure in the late 1980s, faced significant economic, social and environmental decline. As mentioned by Butler (1993) tourism is an activity because of its reliance upon the maintenance of natural environment and natural processes, should lent itself toward sustainable development. Therefore, sustainable development must always be tourisms main objective. Without natural environment and natural processes there would not be any tourism activity at all. In the case of Calvià ¡ the decrease of tourism numbers and Balearic Island as a whole driven regulations and efforts to move towards addressing the problems of the degradation of the environment, deterioration of social systems and facilities and the threat of further tourism decline. Definition of Planning and Policy Mass tourism is a key issue in the global tourism industry, may it be in Mallorca or Brazil or Iceland. The word MASS alone brings about one fear: mass-destruction. Without careful tourism planning, it brings about unseen consequences that can make tourism destroying tourism become a reality and nightmare. By looking at the definition of planning is extremely ambiguous and difficult to define. Chadwick (1971, 24) states that planning is a process of human thought with an action based upon the thought in point of fact, forethought, thought for the future, nothing more or less than this is planning. Meanwhile Hall (2008, 90) supported Chadwicks ideas to conclude that most important aspect of planning is that it is directed towards the future. However, planning cannot be accomplished without policy because it is closely related terms. Wilkinson (1997) linked planning and policy by stating planning is a course of action, whereas policy is the implementation of the planned course of action. Planning and policy in the case of Calvià ¡ Calvià ¡ Plan for tourist Excellent 1990 The plan was developed in 1990 as to target the threat of decline. It comes along with the Balearic Autonomous community in cooperation with the municipalities as to modernize, improve and diversify the tourism. This plan included building clearance to regain open space, try to counterbalance the seasonal nature of tourism and training and employment. However this plan is mainly focused on the industry supply side instead of sustainability of the destination and host community did not involve at all. As a result, it did not attempt to overcome the growing issues that have arisen. Calvià ¡ Local Agenda 21 (LA21) 1995 At the end of 1994, the Town council of Calvià ¡, together with a range of working groups, drew up the Local Agenda 21 for Calvià ¡ as a long term strategies integrated with economic, social, territorial and environment actions. In formulating LA21 in 1995 and Action Plan in 1997, the Municipality of Calvià ¡ actively involved the support of local community, all the stakeholders, NGO as well as national and EU governments. The key objectives for LA21 Calvià ¡ concentrating on entering a new way of life based on sustainable and participatory urban and tourism planning; emphasize environmental management of the destination, look for for agreement and consensus with social representatives, control development and act for more stable employment in the area. (Calvià ¡ Agenda Local 21, Mallorca, Spain 2004). In 1998 New Balearic Law in Calvià ¡ was set out as to limit accommodation growth, restore existing hotels and to protect 40 of natural areas. The objectives of the LA21 comprises of 10 strategic lines of action and 40 initiatives. Key results that have been achieved since the implementation of Calvià ¡s 1997 plan The LA21 Action Plan which were set out in 1997 were seems to have improvement in a general movement toward sustainability within the region and as Calvià ¡ is fairly autonomous, it was able to adopt and implement many initiatives without the need for collaboration from higher government. Among those key results that have been achieved since the implementation of the LA21 action plan are stated below: Planning and Regeneration Decline of 200 bed without raise in number of hotels and apartments 1993-2002-about 30 building clearance plan actions including actual building demolition and purchase of urban plots as to prevent further construction were carried out Demolished buildings on more than 13,500m ² of the total surface area Upgraded area in Magaluf Palma Nova tourist area with pedestrian zones and planting tree as to improve quality of the area. In Paseo de Calvià ¡ 32 km cycling and walking path was built Environmental instruments Tax was imposing on water consumption for conservation with awareness campaigns on promoting its use. The recycling urban waste reduction plans successfully separated 70 of the urban waste at origin, assisting by reducing cost of recycling effort, minimizing land fill. Sea dredging which used to generate beaches has been terminated while measures on environmental friendly were put in place to minimize erosion. New regulation for limiting anchor damage harbor congestion cause by boats Protect wild life ecosystems with the establishment of Marine Park terrestrial protected areas. Economic instruments Impose an eco-tax in 2002 by Balearic Government as to carry out Calvià ¡ council rehabilitation and regenerative projects. Voluntary instruments Renovation programmes for hotels, tourist accommodation and tourist facilities established to upgrade quality and attract a higher yield tourist Socio cultural instruments Programmes to combat crime, housing and other social issues Multi-cultural and social programmes such as dance, underwater photography and language classes established to help integrate immigrants into Mallorquin culture. Calvià ¡ has been recognized internationally for its efforts conclusion Calvià ¡ 2.0 The development of mass tourism in Calvia, Mallorca. 2.1 Definition of Mass Tourism

Drug Enforcement :: essays research papers fc

What we Prohibit We Cannot Control: Restriction Before Education?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is a definite problem regarding the laws that enforce drug use in the United States today. Think about this question. Why are some of the most injurious, addictive, and mind altering substances in the world--tobacco and alcohol--legal, while other drugs are illegal that potentially cause no harm and have very little abuse?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States has declared 178 substances illegal. These substances are believed to be so dangerous that they are controlled at the highest level for medical use or forbidden outright, even for medical research. Remarkably many of these substances are not physically harmful and have never caused a death. Every year, legal drug use results in about fifteen percent of all hospital admissions, with one hundred thirty six billion dollars in medical costs. It seems odd, then, to make such a big distinction between legal and illegal drugs regarding the law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A startling fact, Congressman Newt Gingrich, the Speaker of the House, proposed legislation that would impose the death penalty for people caught carrying as little as two ounces of marijuana. He excused his own past marijuana use by explaining that pot smoking â€Å"was a sign that we were alive and in graduate school in that era.† Prison sentences for being caught with a large amount of marijuana are ten years, mandatory minimum, with no parole allowed. A prison sentence for murder six point three years. That is the average served, with parole allowed. The average sentence for a first time, non-violent drug offender is longer than for rape, child molestation, bank robbery, or manslaughter.(Gahlinger 2) This is an appalling statistic. The government is enforcing harsher punishment on a marijuana smoker compared to a murderer!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The government is filling prisons with drug offenders that will not learn anything while there. Most likely when their term in prison is over they will go back to the same thing that they were doing before they went in to the system. Billions of tax payer dollars are keeping these drug offenders behind bars when a drug treatment program could be helping them to correct current addictive behavior and how to curtail their thoughts and actions to a more positive lifestyle. While the government puts one drug offender away another one is ready to step up to the plate and replace him or her. This is a never ending cycle. â€Å"Why do we not speak of ski abuse or a chain saw problem?

Racism in America Essay

Reconstruction By: 9/9/2013 1. Columbian historian Eric Foner (1983) quotes W. E. B. Dubois in calling reconstruction a â€Å"splendid failure (p.16).† After studying the events of late 19th century, defend whether or not you agree with his position. What are the long-term implications? In my opinion the one of the largest mistakes that was made was the amount of racism that still continued in America. Still to this day there is a large amount of racism in America, the only difference is it is not just between white and blacks. When it comes to racism for some reason it seems all races and all people can’t just get along. Growing up in the south I have seen this first hand. The problem is now if there is any kinds of disagreement between races it is blown way out of proportion. A small example would be the Travon Martin case. This case should of not had half of the publicity it did, but because it was a crime that was white on black people took it as a hate crime. The problem in my opinion is it w as not even white on black and half of America still seems to think it was. When people get something in there heads they are going to put their own â€Å"twist† on what they think happened and it will cause things to get out of hand. I believe the Emancipation Proclamation was intended to be the right step in fixing a problem. The problem still existed because even when it comes to law officials there is racism to this day. I have seen police officers that treat people that are not the same race as them differently because that is the way they were raised. That to me is something that is unacceptable, if you are a police officer or a person in a similar position and they still are using race to make decisions it creates more problems in the first place. On the other side some people attempt to use their race to benefit themselves because they are a minority. I went to school with a young African American that was picked on because of the color of his skin, he was new to our school and was moved into our school because his school was flooded when a hurricane came and flooded his school. Some students saw a chance to pick on someone because they were different, they talk, look, and act different than others. I saw this happening and became friends with him because I do not believe in this at all. Another student  that came in wanted to play sports and thought he was the best player on the field. He did not make the team and he filed a complaint with the state of North Carolina saying the reason he did not make the team was because of his race. He was then transferred from our school to be given a chance to play somewhere else. To me this was someone trying to take advantage of their race in a negative way simply because the student did not get his way to begin with. 4. Identify one significant leader in the Populist movement and give a brief synopsis of this person’s contributions, failures, and successes in bringing about the ideas of populism â€Å"In 1890 Populists won control of the Kansas state legislature, and Kansan William Peffer became the party’s first U.S. Senator. Peffer, with his long white beard, was a humorous figure to many Eastern journalists and politicians, who saw little evidence of Populism in their states and often treated the party as a joke† (â€Å"1890†, 2000). Western and Southern Populists gained a large amount of support even though the other parties felt this way. Populists presidential candidate, James B. Weaver actually was able to win over one million votes. Because of fraud, intimidation, and violence by the Southern Democrats the party still failed to make any further gains. One of the largest pieces of success was the party being officially founded because of the merger of the Farmers’ Alliance and the Knights of Labor. Because of all the negative things going on because of the Democrat and Republicans all going against the Populist party it made it very hard to continue this party and keep it functioning. â€Å"Two main factions had appeared. One, the fusion Populists, sought to merge with the Democrats, using the threat of independent organization to force changes in the major party’s platform. The Populist organization in Kansas had already â€Å"fused†Ã¢â‚¬â€œover the bitter protest of those who considered this a sell-out. Fusionists argued that the regionally based third party could never hold national power; the best strategy was to influence a major party that could† (â€Å"1890†, 2000). The Second faction was called â€Å"mid-roaders† and suspected that Democratic leaders wanted to destroy the third-party threat. The Populists party also wanted to schedule the national convention before the Republican and Democrats were able to hold theirs. This would be a fight that was lost and they would have to hold their meeting after the major-party meetings. In my opinion the larger parties where using their size and power to make it very difficult for the Populists party to stay in tact and eventually got what they wanted when it was done away with. The Populists began serving more as a symbol for the Republicans and their nomination that the Populists put through would even begin to ignore the party even though they were the ones who nominated him. Reference 1890. (2000). Retrieved from http://projects.vassar.edu/1896/populists.html

The Period of Slavery in the Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs

The Period of Slavery in the Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs There is plenty that can be said about the issues that were concerned with slavery, but the truth remains a bitter pill to swallow. The book shows the struggles that slaves underwent during the period of slavery. This was more so for the women who were involved and worked as slaves. The workers endured difficult times during slavery due to the stigma that was in the air, regarding what was considered the lower castes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Period of Slavery in the â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† by Harriet Jacobs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The book shows that there was a lot of ignorance in the course of the period of slavery. This may be described better in many situations in the book. Most of the situations that were depicted showed one such situation was when one character in the book lent out money in the range of three hundred dollars to her owner. It was well known that s laves had no right to any property and thus the money did not count as hers. The money was lent out on the basis of pure honor (Jacobs 13). The borrower had no obligation to pay back the money. The sexual abuse and assault that the slave women endured under the hands of their masters was another degradation that they knew they would do nothing about. This was due to the fact that they were wholly owned by their masters, and had nowhere to go when such incidences as rape occurred. The masters were well aware of the situation that the slaves were in and they took full advantage of the situation. They were also aware that the salves were ignorant and they could take advantage of their weaknesses. The book states that the author had to befriend a neighbor in order to try and protect herself from her owner who decided to seduce and threaten her, rather than rape her, although he would have done so eventually. The fact that she did what she was avoiding to do with her neighbor describes t he levels of desperation that the slaves experienced, and it goes to show that they were ready to go to great extents in order to ensure that they were not violated. Hiding in the attic for around seven years and only seeing her children through a peep hole in the wall, in order to avoid meeting her master who intended to make her his lover ,is quite enough proof that the slaves would stretch their imaginations just to get a sense of freedom.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was a really trying time for the slaves as they were bound by laws that forced them to stay in the places that they had been sold. These laws stated that an owner could do whatever they pleased with the slaves that he or she had bought or paid money for from a trader. The twists and tales of the script speak volumes about the lives that the slaves underwent. The main character endeavors to br ing her family sired by the neighbor together. Her children are torn apart and they are forced to live in different places although at some point they keep getting back together. This depicts a true sense of commitment that the slaves had towards their families. It is a natural instinct that is in-built in people that is exuded in situations that seem or appear to be tearing them apart. Jacobs, Harriet. Incidents in the life of a slave girl, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1861. Print.

animal Inteligence essays

animal Inteligence essays The debate about the intelligence of animals has been one of the most frequently talked about subjects in the study of animal behavior. Are animals intelligent, or are the just doing what their instincts tell them to do. But if an animal only reacts on instinct, how have some animals been able to survive even though their environment has changed. How could these animals survive they are not able to learn from and recognize the changes to their environment. Too me the idea that animals are just mindless robots just doing what their instincts tell them to do is preposterous. Animals have a long history of learning, communication, and other signs of intelligent behavior. Scientist trying to understand their behavior has studied animals around the world. Some scientists have been studying conditioning animals to do certain action and remember long string of characters. Pavlov a behavioral physiologist discovered that when he rang a bell just before feeding his dogs began to salivate and expect food. While most people think of this as just a simple reflex it shows that the animal has linked the two actions. The Skinner box showed the learning capability small animals. It used operant conditioning to teach mice to remember patterns to switches. If a creature can remember and figure out how to activate a switch it clearly shows a capacity for higher thought. If animals only act on instinct what does it due when it encounters an event that it has never come across before. The whole idea of adaptation would not exist. When the first gazelles appeared on earth did they right from the start that know that moving in herds would be their safest option. Highly on likely, it probably took a few gazelles being eaten before the learned that. While I will admit that there is a possibility of this knowledge occurring naturally I still doubt it very much. Did ants suddenly organize the complex socia ...

Critical evaluate the Outokumpu's practices in supply chain management Assignment

Critical evaluate the Outokumpu's practices in supply chain management and provide the Outokumpu with your recommendation - Assignment Example 20% of it is used to manufacture internal components and industrial products. These features allow the company to develop sustainable competitive advantage and prospective growth in the near future (Outokumpu, 2011). This paper is focused on Outokumpu’s approach to global supply chain, the advantages and disadvantages faced by them, and the detailed study of their supply chain process. The supply chain management is one of the vital parts of the operations management of a company. The operations strategy of Outokumpu looks at a long term prospective of the company. It underpins the organizational vision regarding the operational activities.The operations management in the other hand encompasses the entire production process including procurement of raw materials, processing them into final goods, taking care of logistics, managing the supply chain and meeting the demands of the customers in minimum possible lead time.It is mostly short term in nature and deals with the daily activities that helps the organization to reach its goals. The supply chain management of Outokumpu is overseen by the group level. The company constantly monitors the market to make accurate demand forecasts and it modifies its operational activities based on the market scenario and current demand level in the industry. Every business unit is operated by its own supply chain management system , which is overseen by the group level (Outokumpu, 2011). The supply chain management of Outokumpu ensures that it follows the five business imperatives which are, cost, opportunity, flexibility, quality and speed. The company specializes in producing at lower cost, by resource optimization thereby increasing profitability and offering a lower price. The company also ensures that its supply chain process is efficient enough to be dependable and flexible enough to respond to the sudden changes in the market demand by

Explain why the historical cost principle is used to account for Essay

Explain why the historical cost principle is used to account for long-lived assets and how the cost basis is determined. Discuss - Essay Example The GAAP mainly relies on consistency of data conveyed by business financial records. Since historical methods does not depend on the speculated market prices, rather a real transaction that occurred, the cost is regarded as most reliable. For this reason, the historical cost principle is best used for reporting long-lived assets. It is the best method for reporting assets whose disposal may not be done in the near future. Examples of these assets include land, buildings, fixture, equipment and natural resources such as mineral deposits, oil wells and timber tracks. Under the historical cost principle, assets are recorded at acquisition cost as indicated on the balance sheet. In accounting for purchases of long-term assets, interest expense is subtracted from the original cost or cost of acquisition. The book value of long-term assets can be calculated by getting the accumulated depreciation subtracted from acquisition cost. To estimate an asset’s useful life, important variab les such as acquisition cost, depreciation expense per year and salvage value should be determined. The following methods are used to estimate asset’s useful life; straight-line depreciation method, production method and double (declining) methods. Useful life can then be calculated as follows: Asset impairment Asset impairment refers to an abrupt deterioration in the usefulness of a long-term asset often caused by damage effects on the asset, obsolescence due to the ever-changing technology or a change in the county’s laws prohibiting the use of an asset. It occurs when the future benefit of an asset known as market value is below the recorded book value (cost-accumulated depreciation). When impairment occurs, the current market value of the asset should be written down and a loss recognized. First, long-lived assets are selected for purposes of performing impairment testing as well as establishing the net book value. Secondly, determine the level of impairment by fin ding the total undiscounted cash flows expected from the selected assets. The net book and the undiscounted cash flow figures are then compared with intent of establishing which of the values have higher figures. If the net book value is higher than the undiscounted cash flow value, then the amount of variance is determined and recorded. Common Asset Depreciation Methods Depreciation refers to two main concepts; i. Diminished value of assets also called fair value This principle or concept has an impact on the balance sheet of a firm or a business entity. ii. Depreciation with corresponding principle, which is the allocation of the asset cost to periods upon which that particular asset is in use. This affects the net gain of reported assets. It is worth noting that when computing depreciation using a particular method, the cost of an asset is allocated to that period the use of an asset covers or is used. The expense is vital for purposes of financial reporting and taxation. In choo sing a suitable method of computing depreciation, value of assets, the type and periods upon which the asset is used is important. These computing methods are specified in laws and statutes or accounting standards that vary from one country to another. It is important to note that some depreciation computing methods exists, but the common methods include; fixed percentage depreciation method, straight-line computing method and declining balance. It is also

American and Great Civil War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American and Great Civil War - Research Paper Example Rising figures of secessionists maintained that this tradition could only be secured by gaining sovereignty. Disciplinary Content The battle itself was ignited by the rejection of the slave countries to accept the judgment of the year 1860 presidential vote, which had spotted the first Republican contender, Lincoln, take the northern part but did not get any electoral ballot in the South. South passed order of secession, took federal installations, and identified out their armed force (Chikering & Forster). These states position up their own union with a pro-slavery organization led by an associate leader, Jefferson, and this fresh government positioned its capital originally at Montgomery, Alabama. The revolt government was ready to get rid of the two remaining central outposts on their region, at Pensacola and at Fort Sumter in Charleston port. Subsequent to a confrontation enduring four months, the union attacked the latter on April the year 1861. President Lincoln reacted by issu ing a public statement calling for seventy thousands volunteers for three months to repress a revolt against centralized authority. Nearly all people involved thought that the disagreement would be for a short time. Maybe it would have been if the separated states had stayed simply seven in number; nevertheless, four significant states of the Upper South, brook away instead of co-operating in the oppression of their sister slave countries. They added not just to the Confederacy's populace and regions but as well to its sparse manufacturing resources (Chikering & Forster). Even though, geography positioned Virginia and Tennessee particularly in the extreme front line suppose military actions escalate. So big was the union that a number of powerful figures disbelieved whether it might be physically engaged and put their hopes in the marine blockade, which was proclaimed on 19 April. Without doubt, the South's physical advantages increased to an established sense of bravery that sovere ignty could be gotten easily. A prevalent certainty in a short battle was supported in the North by an attentiveness of a great inequality in resources. The entire populace of the USA in the year 1860 was 31, 443, and 321. Out of these, the residents of the southern countries were eight million of who three million were slaves. The border countries (Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri) had a populace of three million. During the year, 1861 to ensure the devotion of the Border countries stayed a top precedence for the Lincoln government. If secession were partial to eleven states subsequently, the upper states could gather together four million war men to the union 1, 100, 000. The industrial inequality was even larger (Chikering & Forster). The regions of Massachusetts and Pennsylvania without help produced more industrialized goods than the whole Confederacy. Differences and Similarities The South could manufacture enough food to nourish itself but did not have the means to ferry it. In the year 1860, only nine thousand miles of the USA total of thirty-one miles of railway trail could be established at the bottom, and southern engineers had finished only nine of the four hundred and seventy locomotives constructed before the year 1860. However, a material inequality in itself does not assure success and Lincoln's main issue was in assembling and organizing